Absorbent article having enhanced leakage protection

ABSTRACT

An absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) capable of inhibiting leakage of a fluid insult generally extends in a plane defined by a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction. The absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) contains fluid-shrinkable members ( 60. 61 ), a topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ), and a base pad ( 12;812 ) that includes a baffle ( 28;828 ) and an absorbent core ( 30 ) positioned between the topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ) and the baffle ( 28;828 ). The topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ) extends in the longitudinal direction to define a distal end ( 153 ) and an opposing proximal end ( 152 ). At least a portion of the proximal end ( 152 ) remains generally unbonded to the baffle ( 28;828 ). The fluid-shrinkable members ( 60,61 ) extend in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) so that at least a portion of the fluid-shrinkable members ( 60,61 ) are located adjacent to the proximal end ( 152 ) of the topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ). Thus, when the fluid-shrinkable members ( 60,61 ) contract upon contacting a fluid insult, the proximal end ( 152 ) of the topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ) can raise outwardly from the plane of the absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ). The raised area creates a barrier to the leakage of fluids from the center of the absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) towards its end. Contraction of the fluid-shrinkable members can also cause an outer region of the topsheet ( 11;611;711;811 ) to raise outwardly from the plane of the absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) to create a barrier to the leakage of fluid from the center of the absorbent article ( 20;620;720;820;920;1020 ) towards the side edge. Because such barriers are generally created only after contact with a fluid insult, their effectiveness is not diminished through use of the article prior to the insult.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, pantiliners, incontinentpads and diapers are devices that are typically worn near a person'scrotch region. Sanitary napkins and pantiliners are, for example, wornby women in a pair of panties that is normally positioned between thewearer's legs, adjacent to the perineum area. Sanitary napkins andpantiliners are designed to absorb and retain bodily fluids ordischarges (e.g., menses) from the body of women and to prevent body andclothing from soiling. These products have developed to the extent thatbody exudates are quickly drawn and retained away from the wearer's skinso that the wearer remains relatively dry and comfortable. Although thisimproved performance enhances wearer dryness and comfort, the articlecan still be subject to leakage around the edges of the absorbentarticle, which can lead to soiling of the wearer's undergarment orclothing. This is particularly problematic in that fluid insult gushescan occur at virtually any time when the product is worn and atvirtually any location (e.g., front, back, or sides of the product).

To help prevent such leakage, it is generally desirable to absorb thefluids in a central region of the article. In traditional articles,however, this is not possible as there is no barrier to bulk flow orcapillary wicking from the target region (the place where intake offluids occurs) to the edges of the pad. Thus, fluid entering the centerof the pad still has the potential to travel to the edges and causeleakage. Flow from the center to the sides can be especially rapid whenthe article is already partially filled with fluid. In an attempt toaddress the problem of leakage, three-dimensional structures have beenemployed to enhance body fit and capture excess fluid. While thesestructures may add a certain level of barrier protection to the initialproduct, they can be easily flattened by compressional forces impartedduring use. Notably, the flattening of the three-dimensional structuresoften occurs before the onset of a fluid insult, thereby eliminating theentire purpose of leakage control feature. Another problem with suchstructures is that they do not provide a consistent level of fit andfluid handling from the moment that a woman puts the article on untilshe removes it many hours later when it is saturated with fluid.

As such, a need exists for an absorbent article that is capable ofproviding better leak protection, particularly after a fluid insult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an absorbentarticle is disclosed that generally extends in a plane defined by alongitudinal direction and transverse direction. The article comprises abase pad that contains a baffle and an absorbent core, and a topsheetthat overlies the base pad so that the absorbent core is positionedbetween the topsheet and the baffle. The topsheet extends in thelongitudinal direction to define a distal end and an opposing proximalend, wherein the topsheet is joined to the base pad in a manner suchthat at least a portion of the proximal end remains generally unbondedthereto. The article also comprises a fluid-shrinkable member thatextends in the longitudinal direction so that at least a portion of thefluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the proximal end of thetopsheet.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a methodfor forming an absorbent article that generally extends in a planedefined by a longitudinal direction and transverse direction isdisclosed. The method comprises positioning a fluid-shrinkable memberadjacent to the base pad, wherein the fluid-shrinkable member extends inthe longitudinal direction. The topsheet is joined to the base pad sothat the fluid-shrinkable member is positioned between the topsheet andthe base pad, and so that at least a portion of the proximal end of thetopsheet remains generally unbonded to the base pad. At least a portionof the fluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the proximal endof the topsheet.

In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, anabsorbent article is disclosed that comprises a topsheet that defines aninner region positioned between laterally spaced first and second outerregions. The topsheet extends in the longitudinal direction to define adistal end and an opposing proximal end, wherein the topsheet is joinedto the base pad in a manner such that at least a portion of the proximalend remains generally unbonded thereto. An inner fluid-shrinkable memberis located adjacent to the inner region of the topsheet and extends inthe longitudinal direction so that at least a portion of the innermember is adjacent to the proximal end of the topsheet. An outerfluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the first outer region ofthe topsheet and extends in the longitudinal direction so that at leasta portion of the outer member is adjacent to the proximal end of thetopsheet.

Other features and aspects of the present invention are discussed ingreater detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including thebest mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is setforth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, whichmakes reference to the appended figures in which:

FIG. 1 is a top view of one embodiment of the absorbent article of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of one embodiment of a multi-section topsheet thatmay be employed in the present invention, shown in an initial unfoldedconfiguration;

FIG. 3 shows the topsheet of FIG. 2 after being folded;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the folded multi-section topsheet ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the absorbent article of FIG. 1 in itsinitial configuration before use;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the absorbent article of FIG. 1 afterbeing contacted with bodily fluids;

FIG. 8 is a top view of another embodiment of the absorbent article ofthe present invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view of yet another embodiment of the absorbent articleof the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a top view of another embodiment of the absorbent article ofthe present invention;

FIG. 11 is a top view of still another embodiment of the absorbentarticle of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of theabsorbent article of the present invention in its initial configurationbefore use;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the absorbent article of FIG. 12 afterbeing contacted with bodily fluid;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of the presentinvention in its initial configuration before use;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the absorbent article of FIG. 14 afterbeing contacted with bodily fluids;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the presentinvention in its initial configuration before use; and

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the absorbent article of FIG. 16 afterbeing contacted with bodily fluids.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article of FIG. 12.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the absorbent article of FIG. 13.

Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification anddrawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features orelements of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF REPRESENTATIVE EMBODIMENTS Definitions

As used herein, the term “body-facing surface” generally refers to anoutwardly facing surface of an absorbent article that is intended to bedisposed toward or placed adjacent to the body of a wearer duringordinary use. This surface may be defined by a topsheet, which alsoincludes an opposing inwardly facing surface.

As used herein, the term “garment-facing surface” generally refers to anoutwardly facing surface of an absorbent article that is intended to bedisposed away from the body of a wearer during ordinary use. The surfaceis typically placed adjacent to the wearer's undergarments when thearticle is worn. This surface may be defined by a baffle, which alsoincludes an opposing inwardly facing surface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference now will be made in detail to various embodiments of theinvention, one or more examples of which are set forth below. Eachexample is provided by way of explanation of the invention, notlimitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be madein the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit ofthe invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as partof one embodiment, may be used on another embodiment to yield a stillfurther embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present inventioncovers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

Generally speaking, the present invention is directed to an absorbentarticle that is capable of inhibiting leakage of a fluid insult. Theabsorbent article may particularly be a feminine care article, such as asanitary napkin, pad, tampon, etc. or a diaper. The absorbent articlecontains a fluid-shrinkable member, topsheet, and a base pad thatincludes a baffle and an absorbent core positioned between the topsheetand the baffle. The fluid-shrinkable member extends in a longitudinaldirection of the article so that at least a portion of the member islocated adjacent to an end of the topsheet. At least a portion of theend of the topsheet remains generally unbonded to the base pad. Thus,when the fluid-shrinkable member contracts upon contacting a fluidinsult, the end of the topsheet can rise outwardly from the plane of theabsorbent article. The raised area creates a barrier to the leakage offluids from the center of the article towards its end. In certainembodiments, contraction of the fluid-shrinkable member can also causean outer region of the topsheet to rise outwardly from the plane of theabsorbent article to create a barrier to the leakage of fluids from thecenter of the article towards the side edge. Notably, because suchbarriers are generally created only after contact with a fluid insult,their effectiveness is not diminished through use of the article priorto the insult.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, one particular embodiment of a feminine careabsorbent article 20 of the present invention will now be described inmore detail. As shown, the feminine care absorbent article 20 includes atopsheet 11 that generally overlies a base pad 12. The configuration andmaterials used to form the base pad 12 are not generally critical, solong as it is capable of absorbing bodily fluids. In the illustratedembodiment, for example, the base pad 12 includes a liquid-permeablecover 26, a generally liquid-impermeable baffle 28, and an absorbentcore 30 positioned therebetween. The cover 26 can be constructed of anywoven or nonwoven material that is easily penetrated by bodily exudates.Examples of suitable materials include rayon, bonded carded webs ofpolyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, or other heat-bondablefibers, polyolefins, such as copolymers of polypropylene andpolyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and aliphatic esters suchas polylactic acid. Finely perforated film webs and net material canalso be used. A specific example of a suitable cover material is abonded carded web made of polypropylene and polyethylene such as thatused as topsheet stock for KOTEX® pantiliners and obtainable fromSandler AG (Germany). U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,494 to Datta, et al. and U.S.Pat. No. 4,908,026 to Sukiennik, et al. teach various other topsheetmaterials that may be used in the present invention. The cover typicallyhas a basis weight of less than about 100 grams per square meter (gsm),and in some embodiments, from about 10 gsm to about 40 gsm. In oneparticular embodiment, the cover 26 can include a lateral cover and acenter cover. The lateral cover can be formed from a bonded card webmaterial and can have a basis weight of from about 10 gsm to 40 gsm. Thecenter cover can be formed from a polyethylene film having a basisweight of from about 10 to 40 gsm or can be formed from a nonwovenmaterial having a basis weight of from about 10 to 40 gsm.

The baffle 28 is generally liquid-impermeable and defines agarment-facing surface 98 of the article 20. The baffle 28 may permit apassage of air or vapor out of the absorbent article 20, while stillblocking the passage of liquids. Any liquid-impermeable material maygenerally be utilized to form the baffle 28. For example, one suitablematerial that may be utilized is a microporous polymeric film, such aspolyethylene or polypropylene. In particular embodiments, a polyethylenefilm is utilized that has a thickness in the range of about 0.2 mils toabout 5.0 mils, and particularly between about 0.5 to about 3.0 mils. Aspecific example of a baffle material is a polyethylene film such asthat used in KOTEX® pantiliners and obtainable from Pliant Corporation,Schaumburg, Ill., USA.

As indicated above, an absorbent core 30 is positioned between the cover26 and the baffle 28 that provides capacity to absorb and retain bodilyexudates. The absorbent core 30 may be formed from a variety ofdifferent materials and contain any number of desired layers. Forexample, the core 30 typically includes one or more layers (e.g., twolayers) of an absorbent web material of cellulosic fibers (e.g., woodpulp fibers), other natural fibers, synthetic fibers, woven or nonwovensheets, scrim netting or other stabilizing structures, superabsorbentmaterial, binder materials, surfactants, selected hydrophobic andhydrophilic materials, pigments, lotions, odor control agents or thelike, as well as combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, theabsorbent web material includes a matrix of cellulosic fluff, and mayalso include superabsorbent material. The cellulosic fluff may comprisea blend of wood pulp fluff. One preferred type of fluff is identifiedwith the trade designation NB 416, available from Weyerhaeuser Corp.,and is a bleached, highly absorbent wood pulp containing primarily softwood fibers. The absorbent materials may be formed into a web structureby employing various conventional methods and techniques. For example,the absorbent web may be formed with a dry-forming technique, an airforming technique, a wet-forming technique, a foam-forming technique, orthe like, as well as combinations thereof. A coform nonwoven materialmay also be employed. Methods and apparatus for carrying out suchtechniques are well known in the art.

Although not required, the base pad 12 may also contain other additionallayers as is known in the art. In FIGS. 1 and 5, for example, aliquid-permeable intake layer 32 is positioned between the cover 26 andthe absorbent core 30. The intake layer 32 may be made of a materialthat is capable of rapidly transferring, in the z-direction, body fluidthat is delivered to the cover 26. The intake layer 32 may generallyhave any shape and/or size desired. In one embodiment, the intake layer32 has a generally ovular shape, with a length and/or width less thanthe overall length and/or width of the base pad 12. Any of a variety ofdifferent materials are capable of being used for the intake layer 32 toaccomplish the above-mentioned functions. The material may be synthetic,cellulosic, or a combination of synthetic and cellulosic materials. Forexample, airlaid cellulosic tissues may be suitable for use in theintake layer 32. The airlaid cellulosic tissue may have a basis weightranging from about 10 grams per square meter (gsm) to about 300 gsm, andin some embodiments, between about 40 gsm to about 150 gsm. The airlaidtissue may be formed from hardwood and/or softwood fibers. The airlaidtissue has a fine pore structure and provides an excellent wickingcapacity, especially for menses. Another specific example of a suitableintake or surge layer material is a bonded carded web made ofpolypropylene and polyethylene. One or more layers can be used, and eachsurge layer typically has a basis weight of less than about 100 gramsper square meter (gsm), and in some embodiments, from about 10 gsm toabout 70 gsm.

The cover 26 may be maintained in secured relation with the absorbentcore 30 by bonding all or a portion of the adjacent surfaces to oneanother. A variety of bonding mechanisms known to one of skill in theart may be utilized to achieve any such secured relation. Examples ofsuch mechanisms include, but are not limited to, the application ofadhesives in a variety of patterns between the two adjoining surfaces,entangling at least portions of the adjacent surface of the absorbentwith portions of the adjacent surface of the cover, or fusing at leastportions of the adjacent surface of the cover to portions of theadjacent surface of the absorbent (e.g., ultrasonically fusing). In theembodiment shown in FIG. 5, for instance, the cover 26 is bonded to thebaffle 28 with an adhesive 50, which can optionally extend along asubstantial length of the pad 12. If desired, the adhesive 50 may alsobe extended to the center of the baffle 28 so that it bonds together thebaffle 28 and the absorbent core 30. Adhesives 52 may also be employedto bond the cover 26 to the intake layer 32 and the intake layer 32 tothe absorbent core 30 if desired.

The topsheet 11 helps provide comfort and conformability, and also helpsdirect bodily exudates away from the body toward the absorbent core 30.The topsheet 11 generally extends over the upper, bodyside surface ofthe base pad 12, but can alternatively extend around the article topartially or entirely, surround or enclose the base pad. Typically, thetopsheet 11 and the baffle 28 of the base pad 12 have peripheral margins99 that extend outwardly beyond the terminal, peripheral edges of theabsorbent core 30, and the extending margins are joined together topartially or entirely, surround or enclose the absorbent core. Thetopsheet 11 contacts the body of the user and is liquid-permeable. Thetopsheet 11 may be formed from one or multiple layers of materials. Theliquid-permeable topsheet 11 has an outwardly facing surface 27 that maycontact the body of the wearer and receive fluids from the body.

Generally speaking, the topsheet 11 defines an inner region 80positioned between laterally spaced first and second outer regions 81.The inner and outer regions may be formed from a single section ofmaterial, or from multiple sections. In FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, for instance,the topsheet 11 is formed from a center section 17 that is positionedbetween side sections 14. Such multi-section topsheet configurations areknown in the art and described in more detail, for instance, in U.S.Pat. No. 5,415,640 to Kirby, et al., which is incorporated herein in itsentirety by reference thereto for all purposes. Whether having one ormultiple sections, the topsheet 11 may be made from any liquid-permeablematerial known in the art. Examples of such materials are describedabove with respect to the cover 26, although the cover 26 and thetopsheet 11 need not be formed from the same materials. In oneparticular embodiment, for example, the center section 17 and/or theside sections 14 are both formed from a bonded carded web made ofpolypropylene and polyethylene, such as that used as topsheet stock forKOTEX® pantiliners and obtainable from Sandler Corporation (Germany).Such materials typically have a basis weight of less than about 100 gsm,and in some embodiments, from about 10 gsm to about 40 gsm.

The topsheet 11 also typically has a distal end 153 and an opposingproximal end 152. Although the proximal and distal ends are shown hereinas the front and rear ends of the article, respectively, the terms“proximal” and “distal” do not necessarily refer to the rear and frontends of the topsheet as such terms are employed only for the sake ofconvenience. In one embodiment, for example, the term “proximal” mayrefer to the front end of the topsheet. In any event, the shape of theproximal and/or distal ends of the topsheet may be configured to helpimprove the comfort of the article during use. In the embodiment shownin FIG. 1, for example, the proximal end 152 of the topsheet 11 may havea configuration in which peripheral portions 157 taper outwardly from acentral portion 158. This forms a general parabolic shape that canbetter conform to the body, both before and after fluid insult.Depending on the desired fit, the angle of the taper may generally rangefrom about 10° to about 180°, and in some embodiments, from about 40° toabout 80°. In FIG. 10, for instance, one embodiment of an absorbentarticle 620 is shown that contains a topsheet 611 having a proximal end652 with a relatively small taper angle “a.”

A fluid-shrinkable member is also employed in the absorbent article ofthe present invention that can shrink and pull a portion of theabsorbent article inwardly (i.e., toward the longitudinal and/ortransverse center of the article) upon fluid insult. Any number offluid-shrinkable members may generally be employed, such as from 1 to20, in some embodiments from 2 to 15, and in some embodiments from 4 to10. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, six (6) separatefluid-shrinkable members are employed. The fluid-shrinkable members canbe in the form of yarn, fiber, filament, tape, film, nonwoven, laminate,etc. Such materials are described in more detail in U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2010/0152692 to Ong et al., which isincorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto for allrelevant purposes. In desirable aspects, the fluid-shrinkable membershave a high ratio of length to width (e.g., diameter) so that they arein the form of a string. For example, the aspect ratio may be about 10or more, in some embodiments about 40 or more, and in some embodiments,about 100 or more.

Regardless of their form, the fluid-shrinkable members may demonstrateshrinkage ability in water, urine, menstrual fluid, etc. Shrinkage of atleast about 10%, such as at least about 20%, or at least about 40%, orfrom about 40% to about 60% or more by length is suitable. Suitablematerials for the fluid-shrinkable member include modified polyvinylalcohol (PVA), modified cellulose fibers (e.g., cotton and rayon), suchas carboxymethylated cotton, methylated cotton, ethylated cotton,hydroxyethylated cotton, sulfated cotton, sulfonated cotton, phosphatedcotton, cationic cotton, amphoteric cotton, sodium acrylate-, acrylicacid-, acrylonitrile or acrylamide-grafted cellulose fiber andcrosslinked fiber thereof; wool or silk modified in the same manner asdescribed above; modified synthetic fiber, such as a partiallysaponified acrylonitrile series of fiber and vinilon fiber which ispartially esterified by maleic acid, carboxymethylcellulose andhydrolyzed acrylic fiber. In one particular aspect, a suitable modifiedPVA fluid-shrinkable member can be obtained from Kuraray Group, Japan.

If desired, the fluid-shrinkable members can include an optional amountof superabsorbent materials. Examples of suitable superabsorbentmaterials include poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid),poly(acrylamides), poly(vinyl ethers), maleic anhydride copolymers withvinyl ethers and α-olefins, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone),poly(vinylmorpholinone), poly(vinyl alcohol), and salts and copolymersthereof. Other superabsorbent materials include unmodified naturalpolymers and modified natural polymers, such as hydrolyzedacrylonitrile-grafted starch, acrylic acid grafted starch, methylcellulose, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,and the natural gums, such as alginates, xanthan gum, locust bean gum,and so forth. Mixtures of natural and wholly or partially syntheticsuperabsorbent polymers may also be useful in the present invention. Thesuperabsorbent material can be present in the fluid-shrinkable member inan amount as desired, provided that it does not diminish theeffectiveness of the shrinkable member. For example, in some aspects,the fluid-shrinkable members can contain up to about 1 wt. %, such as upto about 5 wt. %, or even up to about 10 wt. % or more superabsorbentmaterial to provide improved benefits.

The fluid-shrinkable members can also include an optional elastomericpolymer having a permeability for water vapor to facilitate moistureabsorption. The elastomeric polymer component may be present in anamount effective to achieve the desired dimensional change properties.The elastomeric polymer can be present in an amount as desired, providedthat it does not diminish the effectiveness of the shrinkable member.For example, in some aspects, the fluid-shrinkable members can containup to about 1 wt. %, such as up to about 5 wt. %, or even up to about 10wt. % or more elastomeric polymer to provide improved benefits. Examplesof suitable elastomeric polymers include, but are not limited to,thermoplastic polyurethanes, poly(ether-amide) block copolymers,polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), styrene-butadienecopolymers, silicon rubbers, synthetic rubbers such as nitrile rubber,styrene isoprene copolymers, styrene ethylene butylene copolymers, butylrubber, nylon copolymers, spandex fibers comprising segmentedpolyurethane, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or mixtures thereof.

The fluid-shrinkable members are incorporated into the absorbent articlein a selectively controlled manner to optimize the ability to reduceleakage. For example, at least one fluid-shrinkable member is employedthat generally extends in a longitudinal direction of the article and isdisposed adjacent to an end of the topsheet. The placement of afluid-shrinkable member “adjacent” to an end does not necessarily meanthat the member must be directly adjacent to or terminate at the end ofthe topsheet. In fact, the member may terminate before and/or afterreaching the end of the topsheet, so long as its contraction helpsfacilitate the creation of a barrier in accordance with the presentinvention. For example, in certain embodiments, a fluid-shrinkablemember may terminate a distance of about 10 millimeters or less, in someembodiments about 5 millimeters or less, and in some embodiments, about2 millimeters or less away from an end of the topsheet.

Referring again to FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, for example, a plurality of outer,fluid-shrinkable members 61 and inner, fluid-shrinkable members 60 areemployed that extend in a longitudinal direction “L” and are locatedadjacent to the proximal end 152. The outer members 61 are also disposedadjacent to outer regions 81 of the topsheet 11, and the inner members60 are spaced laterally inward from the outer members 61 so that theyare located adjacent to the inner region 80 of the topsheet 11. Bydisposing fluid-shrinkable members in this manner, the end(s) and theside(s) of the topsheet are capable of rising outwardly from the planeof the absorbent article during use to create a cup-shaped barrier tothe leakage of fluids from the center of the article towards the edges.The relative distance that the side(s) and/or end(s) of the topsheet arecapable of being raised may vary, but is typically at least about 1millimeter, in some embodiments at least about 4 millimeters, and insome embodiments, from about 10 to about 70 millimeters above theoriginal plane of the article. Likewise, the angle of orientation of theside(s) and/or end(s) upon rising may range from about 1° to about 90°.

In the embodiment illustrated, at least a portion of the proximal end152 remains generally unbonded to the base pad 12 (e.g., baffle 28) sothat it is capable of forming a raised area upon contraction of thefluid-shrinkable members. Although not shown, a portion of the distalend 153 may also be generally unbonded to the base pad 12 (e.g., baffle28) so it can form a raised barrier upon the contraction afluid-shrinkable member located proximate thereto. It should beunderstood that while such ends may be generally unbonded, some portionof the end can nevertheless still be joined to the base pad. In oneembodiment, for example, peripheral portions 157 of the proximal end 152may be joined to the base pad 12, while a central portion 158 remainsgenerally unbonded. In this configuration, the central portion 158 ofthe proximal end 152 can raise outwardly from the plane of the absorbentarticle during use to create an additional barrier to the leakage offluids from the center toward the end of the article.

Any of a variety of different bonding patterns and configurations may beemployed to achieve the desired attachment of the proximal end of thetopsheet to the base pad. For example, in one embodiment, a length thatspans a distance of from about 20 to about 200 millimeters, and in someembodiments, from about 20 to about 40 millimeters from the tapered peakof the proximal end 152 to a horizontal line may remain unbonded to thebase pad 12. The other areas of the topsheet 11 may be bonded to thebase pad 12 using any pattern desired, such as continuous ordiscontinuous (e.g., toothed, stepped, dots, etc.). Any known bondingmethod may be employed, such as adhesive bonding, ultrasonic bonding,mechanical bonding, heat bonding, etc.

Turning now to FIGS. 6-7, the ability of the fluid-shrinkable members toform a barrier to leakage during use will be described in more detail.Prior to contact with bodily fluids, the topsheet 11 remainssubstantially flat as shown in FIG. 6. However, upon a gush of fluid,the contraction of the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and/or 61 pulls theproximal end 152 upwardly and in a longitudinal direction toward thecenter of the absorbent article 20. This creates a barrier to theleakage of fluids from the center toward the rear of the article.Contraction of the fluid-shrinkable members 61 also causes the outerregions 81 of the topsheet 11 to rise (e.g., buckle) and create abarrier to the leakage of fluids from the center toward the sides of thearticle. Because these barriers are created only after contact with afluid insult, their effectiveness is not generally diminished throughuse of the article prior to the insult.

To facilitate the ability of the proximal end 152 of the topsheet 11 torise up in the manner described above, the length of the topsheet 11 maybe less than that of the baffle 28. For example, the ratio of the lengthof the topsheet 11 to the length of the baffle 28 (in the longitudinaldirection) may be from about 0.2 to about 1.0, in some embodiments fromabout 0.3 to about 0.9, and in some embodiments, from about 0.5 to about0.8. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the topsheet 11 may alsohave a length that is the same or even greater than that of the baffle28, such as a length ratio of from about 1.0 to about 10.0. In suchembodiments, it is often desired to form the proximal end and/or distalend through a cut made in the topsheet material.

Referring to FIG. 11, for example, one embodiment of an absorbentarticle 720 is shown that contains a topsheet 711. In this particularembodiment, the topsheet 711 extends in the longitudinal direction “L”to a first end 753 that is joined to the baffle and defines a lengththat is substantially the same as the base pad 12. Nevertheless, thefirst end 753 is not the proximate and/or distal end as defined herein.More particularly, a portion 758 of the topsheet 711 is formed to definea second end 752 located adjacent to the fluid-shrinkable members 60.The portion 758 is generally unbonded to the base pad 712 and is thuscapable of rising up during use due to the constriction of thefluid-shrinkable members 60 during use. Thus, in this particularembodiment, the second end 752 is considered the “proximal” end. Anytechnique may generally be employed to form the second end 752, such asby cutting, slitting, etc. the topsheet 711 along a line 793, or bysimply attaching a separate material thereto.

A variety of different techniques may be employed to incorporate thefluid-shrinkable members into the absorbent article. In one embodiment,for example, the fluid-shrinkable members may simply be attached to agarment-facing surface of the topsheet. In FIGS. 1 and 5, for example,the fluid-shrinkable members are directly connected to the topsheet 11with an adhesive 65. Other suitable bonding techniques may also beemployed, such as stitching, thermal bonds, ultrasonic bonds, embossing,crimping, entangling, fusing, etc., and combinations thereof. It shouldalso be understood that such members may be indirectly connected to thetopsheet, such as by using one or more layers that are disposed betweenthe members and the topsheet and attached thereto. Bonding may occurover the entire length of each member. In other embodiments, however,only a portion of a member may be bonded, such as through the use of oneor more spot welds. In some aspects, it is desirable to anchor the endsof the member into the article while keeping the central length of themember free from bonds to provide improved shrinkage performance.

If desired, additional techniques may be employed to help further ensurethat the fluid-shrinkable members are retained in the absorbent articleduring use, and also to further bolster the three-dimensional topographythat can be achieved by the present invention. For example, in certainembodiments, the topsheet may be folded to create a pocket within whichthe outer members can reside. The pocket helps secure thefluid-shrinkable members and also adds bulk to the topsheet. In FIGS. 1,2, 3, and 5, for instance, the outer regions 81 of the topsheet 11 arefolded to create a pocket 170 within which the fluid-shrinkable members61 are retained.

FIGS. 2-4 illustrate in more detail the manner in which the topsheet 11can be folded to achieve the desired pocket configuration. Morespecifically, FIG. 2 shows the topsheet 11 in its initial unfoldedconfiguration. To create the desired pocket, the outer regions 81 arebent inwardly along fold lines 91 so that a first portion 83 of thetopsheet 11 is disposed above a second portion 85 (FIGS. 3 and 4). Inthis manner, the fluid-shrinkable members 61 can be sandwiched in thepocket 170 formed between the first portion 83 and second portion 85(FIG. 4). The outer regions 81 may also be bent outwardly along foldlines 93 to create a z-shaped folded configuration in which a thirdportion 86 of the topsheet 11 extends generally parallel to the base pad12. If desired, the outer members 61 may also be disposed within thepocket formed between the second portion 85 and the third portion 86. Itshould be noted that the referenced portions 83, 85, and 86 may beformed by one or multiple sections of the topsheet 11 as discussedabove. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, each of the portions83, 85, and 86 are formed by the side sections 14 of the topsheet 11. Inalternative embodiments, however, the center section 17 may constitutethe first portion, second portion, and/or third portion, and mayoptionally be folded to achieve the desired pocket configuration.

In certain embodiments, the manner in which the pocket 170 is formed canhelp facilitate the ability of the outer regions 81 to rise upwardly.For example, in one embodiment, the first portion 83 of the side section14 can be wrapped around the center section 17 and remain generallyunbonded thereto. In this manner, contraction of the members 61 forcesupward the center section 17, which in turn forces upward the firstportion 83. Unlike the center section 17, however, the first portion 83is able to rise up without restriction because it is generally unbonded.It should be understood, however, that the first portion 83 can also bebonded to the center section if so desired.

In addition to the longitudinally extending fluid-shrinkable membersdescribed above, fluid-shrinkable members may also be disposed at otherlocations within the absorbent article and in various differentconfigurations. In certain embodiments, for example, fluid-shrinkablemembers may be employed that extend in the transverse direction to forma cross-stitching pattern with longitudinally-extending members. Variousother patterns that may be formed by the fluid-shrinkable members mayinclude, for instance, diagonal patterns, wavy patterns, circularpatterns, triangular patterns, etc. In addition, while theaforementioned embodiments have exemplified fluid-shrinkable members ina generally planar configuration, it should be understood that thefluid-shrinkable members can also be present at any angle from plane ofthe absorbent article, such as substantially perpendicular to the planeof the article (e.g., into the absorbent core).

If desired, additional materials may also be employed in the absorbentarticle. Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 5, for instance, a fluiddistribution layer 38 is disposed between the topsheet 11 and the basepad 12. Among other things, the fluid distribution layer 38 may add bulkto the article, which can improve the consistency of the fit and fluidhandling capacity both before and after the fluid insult, as well as aidin securing the interior fluid-shrinkable members to the topsheet 11.For example, the adhesive 65 may connect the fluid-shrinkable members 60to the center section 17 of the topsheet 11 and to the fluiddistribution layer 38. The fluid distribution layer 38 may be formedfrom a material that is substantially hydrophobic, such as a nonwovenweb composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, etc. One exampleof such a material is a spunbond web composed of polypropylene,bicomponent fibers, which may be round, tri-lobal or poly-lobal incross-sectional shape and which may be hollow or solid in structure.Typically the webs are bonded, such as by thermal bonding, over about 3%to about 30% of the web area. Such materials typically have a basisweight of less than about 100 gsm, and in some embodiments, from about10 gsm to about 40 gsm. Other examples of suitable materials that may beused for fluid distribution layer 38 are described in U.S. Pat. No.4,798,603 to Meyer, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,309 to Serbiak, etal. To adjust performance, the fluid distribution layer may also betreated with a selected amount of surfactant to increase its initialwettability.

The absorbent article 20 may also include laterally extending wingportions 42 that may be integrally connected to side regions along theintermediate portion of the article. For example, the wing portions 42may be separately provided members that are subsequently attached orotherwise operatively joined to the intermediate portion of the article.In other configurations, the wing portions may be unitarily formed withone or more components of the article. As representatively shown in FIG.1, for example, either or both wing portions 42 may be formed from acorresponding, operative extension of the material employed to form thetopsheet 11. Alternatively, either or both wing portions 42 may beformed from a corresponding, operative extension of the materialemployed to form the baffle, or formed from a corresponding, operativecombination of the topsheet and baffle materials.

If desired, various other features may also be incorporated into theabsorbent article to help reduce the likelihood of leakage upon a fluidinsult. In one embodiment, for example, embossed regions may be formedin one or more layers of the article to serve a variety of differentpurposes. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-7, for example, embossedregions 120 and 124 may be formed in the base pad 12 to help guide fluidin the desired manner and create additional bulk in the article. Theembossed regions 120 are formed in the absorbent core 30 and theembossed regions 124 are formed in the cover 26. In yet otherembodiments, embossed regions may be formed on the topsheet 11. Forexample, embossed regions 122 may be formed which, in addition toserving as a fluidic guide, may also help retain the fluid-shrinkablemembers 60 in the desired position during use. Additional embossedregions may also be employed in the topsheet to create athree-dimensional surface topography that can increase available surfacearea and further improve the ability of the article to take in bodilyfluids and inhibit leakage. The embossed regions may also improve theconsistency of the fit and fluid handling properties of the article,both before and after a fluid insult.

Referring to FIG. 8, for example, one particular embodiment of anabsorbent article 220 is shown that contains embossed regions 240 on abody-facing surface of the topsheet 11. Any number of embossed regionsmay be employed in the present invention, such as 1 or more, in someembodiments 2 or more, in some embodiments from 3 to 20, and in someembodiments, from 5 to 15 individually spaced apart embossed regions.The embossed regions 240 are defined by densified edges that extend in awave pattern of alternating crests and troughs along the longitudinaldirection “L.” For sake of convenience, the term “crests” refers topeaks facing toward the right side of the topsheet shown in FIG. 8, andthe “troughs” refers to peaks facing the left side. Although asinusoidal wave pattern is depicted, it should be understood that otherknown wave patterns may be employed, such as sawtooth waves, squarewaves, triangle waves, etc. The pattern of the embossed regions 240 maybe a regular periodic wave in that the wavelength (e.g., distancebetween contiguous crests and/or contiguous troughs) and amplitude(e.g., difference in height between a crest and trough) remainsubstantially constant as shown in FIG. 8. In certain embodiments,however, the pattern may also be an irregular wave in that thewavelength and/or amplitude may vary at different points of the wave.The wave pattern of the embossed regions 240 may also be continuous(e.g., without interruption), as shown in FIG. 8, or discontinuous innature. A discontinuous pattern may be for example made of dots, brokenlines or other interrupted elements. The number of elements per unitlength does not need to be constant but may vary along the length of thepattern or across the different discontinuous patterns when more thanone are present. Although not necessarily required, it is often desiredthat the pattern, whether continuous or discontinuous, extends alongsubstantially the entire length of the cover 26.

In FIG. 8, the embossed regions 240 are provided with a wave pattern,but this is by no means a requirement. In certain embodiments, forexample, one or more of the embossed regions may also be arranged in apattern that is not wavelike in nature. Referring to FIG. 9, forexample, one embodiment of an absorbent article 320 is shown thatcontains embossed regions 340 that are arranged substantially parallelto the longitudinal direction “L.” Of course, any of a variety of otherembossing patterns may also be employed in the present invention, suchas dots, squares, rectangles, etc. Regardless of their form, it istypically desired that the embossed regions are arranged in a generallysymmetrical manner about a longitudinal centerline and/or transversecenterline of the topsheet 11. Also, although not required, the embossedregions may be arranged in sets (e.g., pairs) to further enhanceaesthetic appeal.

If desired, a plurality of apertures may also be formed in the topsheet.When employed in conjunction with embossed regions, the apertures may bearranged proximate or adjacent to such embossed regions. In FIG. 8, forexample, apertures 260 are shown arranged proximate to contiguous crestsand/or contiguous troughs of at least one of the embossed regions 240.In this context, the term “proximate” generally means that an apertureis located on the same side of the longitudinal axis of the wave as thecrest or trough, and at least a portion of the aperture is also locatedwithin a wavelength boundary defined by the crest or trough. Theapertures may extend in substantially the same direction as the embossedregion to which they are proximately located. For example, the apertures260 of FIGS. 8 and 9 are arranged in columns that generally extend inthe same longitudinal direction “L” as the embossed regions. If desired,the apertures may be positioned in a column that is tangent to anembossed region.

The apertures may possess any desired shape or size, such as circular,elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, slits, etc. Although notrequired, it is often desired that the apertures are elongated. In theembodiments shown in FIGS. 8-9, for example, the apertures 260 are inthe form of elongated slits having a large aspect ratio (length dividedby width), such as about 5 or more, in some embodiments about 10 ormore, and in some embodiments, from about 20 to about 1000. One benefitof such elongated slits is that they can provide a unique aestheticappeal. Nevertheless, during use of the absorbent article, the handlingof the article and movement of the wearer may cause the topsheet to bendand stretch, thereby resulting in the expansion of the slits into largerapertures. The apertures 260 possess a major axis oriented in thelongitudinal direction “L” of the article and a minor axis in thetransverse direction “T.” In this manner, the apertures themselvesextend in the same longitudinal direction “L” as the embossed regionsand are optionally positioned tangent to the crests and/or troughs of anembossed wave pattern (FIG. 8). This particular geometric configurationcan enhance both the aesthetic appeal and absorbent properties of thearticle. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the apertures neednot be oriented in this particular fashion.

The embossed regions and/or apertures described above may be formedusing any known conventional techniques known in the art. Suitabletechniques include, for instance, the use of raised elements to impartthe desired pattern or apertures. Thermal and/or ultrasonic bondingtechniques may be employed for this purpose. For instance, a suitableprocess may involve thermal bonding wherein a layer is passed throughtwo rolls (e.g., steel, rubber, etc.) in which one is engraved with anembossing and/or aperture pattern and the other is flat. One or both ofthe rolls may be heated. The embossed regions and apertures may beformed simultaneously or separately. In one embodiment, for example, thetopsheet is initially formed with the desired apertures and thenembossed.

In addition to the absorbent article including embossed regions asdescribed above, a printed feature may also be included on the absorbentarticle. The printed feature can be formed on the absorbent article sothat the printed pattern is disposed on the topsheet or other layer ofthe absorbent article, such as a fluid distribution layer. The printedpattern can be visible from above the topsheet of the absorbent article,such as from the body-facing surface. The printed feature can be apattern of open stars, flowers, or any other suitable design that isvisually appealing.

Other embodiments are contemplated by the present invention and can beemployed to enhance the three-dimensional topography of the absorbentarticle. For example, cuts or slits can be made in the various layers ofthe absorbent article to form structural elements that are moveableflaps or tails, as discussed below in FIGS. 12-17. Although the moveableflaps are shown in particular locations and face in particulardirections in the following figures, depending on the application, theflaps may be located in other positions and directions along thelongitudinal direction of the absorbent article, such as at the frontend, back end, or both ends of the absorbent article. For example, thelocation and number of flaps may be different depending on if theabsorbent article is being used as a feminine care product, a diaper, oran adult incontinence product.

Referring first to FIG. 12, for example, one embodiment of an absorbentarticle 820 is shown in its initial configuration before use, meaning ithas not been contacted with bodily fluids. In this particularembodiment, the absorbent article 820 contains a topsheet 811 thatextends in the longitudinal direction “L” to a first end 853 that isjoined to the baffle 828 and defines a length that is substantially thesame as a base pad 812. Nevertheless, the first end 853 is not theproximate and/or distal end as defined herein. More particularly, afirst portion 858 of the topsheet 811 extends up to and defines a secondend 852 of the topsheet 811 located at what is referred to as theproximal end of the absorbent article 820. The first portion 858 of thetopsheet 811 is generally unbonded to or disconnected from the base pad812 in the central longitudinal region so that it is capable of forminga raised area upon contraction of the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61after being contacted with bodily fluids. The topsheet 811, however, isstill bonded to the base pad around the periphery. The first portion 858can further be described as a moveable flap or tail formed by a line 893that is cut into at least the topsheet 811 to form a free edge at thesecond end 852 of the topsheet, which, in FIGS. 12 and 13, is located ator near the proximal end of the topsheet 811. Further, the proximal endof the topsheet 811 can be described as defining a free end of themoveable flap. Additionally, the second end 852 can be described as thefree edge of the moveable flap. The moveable flap is thus formed fromthe first portion 858 of the topsheet 811 and the second end 852 and iscapable of rising up during use due to the constriction of thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61. The second end 852 and first portion858 are formed at or near the proximal end of the topsheet 811 which canalso be described as defining a free end of the moveable flap.

Any technique may generally be employed to form the second end 852 whichagain serves as the free edge of the moveable flap, such as by cutting,slitting, etc. the topsheet 811 along a line 893 to disconnect a portionof the topsheet 811. The shape of the line 893 between its two endpointsdefines the boundaries of the moveable flap. For example, the distancebetween the two endpoints of the line 893 defines the length of themoveable flap's hinge 860. The hinge 860 creates one boundary of thefirst portion 858 of the topsheet 811 to define the shape or structureof the moveable flap. In FIGS. 12 and 13, the hinge 860 is centrallylocated on the absorbent article 820. The second end 852 of the topsheet811 defines a second boundary of the first portion 858 of the topsheet811 and forms a free edge at the proximal end of the topsheet 811. Theshape of the moveable flap formed by hinge 860 and second end 852 isdetermined by the shape and dimensions of line 893. Generally, the shapeof the line 893 can be varied to change the shape and size of themoveable flap because changing the shape of the line 893 changes theshape of the second end 852 and length of the hinge 860. The shape ofthe moveable flap should be formed to prevent any curling of themoveable flap due to constriction or contraction of the fluid-shrinkablefibers, as is discussed in more detail below in FIG. 13.

In FIG. 12, the line 893 as shown is cut at least into the topsheet 811to form a free edge in the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811 atsecond end 852, but the line 893 can also be cut into other layers ofthe absorbent article, such as a fluid distribution layer 38 (see FIG.5) so that the moveable flap can include multiple layers of materialfrom layers such as the topsheet 811 and other layers such as the fluiddistribution layer 38. When other layers in addition to the topsheet areused to form the moveable flap or tail, these layers should also beunbonded at their central longitudinal regions to allow the moveableflap to lift up/outwardly upon constriction or contraction of thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61. Beyond the moveable flap's free edgeat second end 852 formed by line 893 is an adjacent opening that is thenadjacent to a second portion 859 of the topsheet 811. Depending on thenumber of layers of the absorbent article 820 used to form the moveableflap, this opening can be more pronounced or recessed. Meanwhile, thesecond portion 859 of the topsheet 811 is located adjacent to the freeedge of the moveable flap toward the first end 853 of the absorbentarticle. In addition to the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811 beingunbonded to the base pad 812 at the central longitudinal region, thesecond portion 859 of the topsheet 811 can also be generally unbonded orconnected to the base pad 812 at the central longitudinal region so thatthe fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 located in the second portion 859can function as generally described above. The second portion 859 of thetopsheet 811, however, is still bonded to the base pad 812 around theperiphery.

The absorbent article 820 may also contain various embossments, as shownin FIG. 12. For example, a first embossed region 822 may be formed atthe free edge of the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811 adjacent tothe line 893 at second end 852. The fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61can extend up to the edge of the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811to the line 893 and be bonded thereto at the first embossed region 822.A second embossed region 823 may also be formed on a second portion 859of the topsheet 811 that is located adjacent to line 893 towards thefirst end 853. Fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 can also be bonded toand extend from the second embossed region 823 of the topsheet 811 toother embossed regions 826 and even to the first end 853 of the topsheet(not shown). As shown, the first embossed region 822 and the secondembossed region 823 are formed adjacent to the line 893 in a concentricmanner to provide rigidity to the area adjacent to the opening or cutout formed by the line 893 at second end 852. The embossed regions 822and 823 hold down the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 on both sidesof the free edge of the moveable flap. For example, the bond between thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 and the embossed region 822 allowsfor the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 to be rigid enough to liftthe moveable flap when contacted with bodily fluids. Embossing of theends of the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 also aids in deactivatingthe fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 at the embossed regions toprevent curling of the moveable flap when it is contacted with bodilyfluids. The deactivation of the fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61allows for the moveable flap to be lifted or raised up and outward fromthe absorbent article 820 at an angle in a generally planar fashionrather than having the flap curl upward. The embossed regions can beformed on the topsheet 811 and can also bond the topsheet 811 to otherlayers of the absorbent article, such as a fluid distribution layer 38(see FIG. 5). The embossed regions can thus keep the multiple layers ofthe absorbent article 820 that are a part of the moveable flap fromseparating, which prevents pocketing of the layers. Additionally, anembossed region 826 can be formed between the second embossed region 823and the first end 853 to hold down any additional fluid-shrinkablemembers 60 and 61 that have been incorporated into the absorbent articlein the second portion 859 of the topsheet 811. As shown, other embossedregions 826 can be located throughout the length of the absorbentarticle 820 for various reasons such as holding down thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 or for providing rigidity to theabsorbent article 820.

Referring to FIG. 13, the absorbent article 820 of FIG. 12 is shownafter it has been contacted with bodily fluids. Prior to contact withbodily fluids, the topsheet 811 and any other layers that are part ofthe moveable flap remain substantially flat as shown in FIG. 12.However, upon a gush of fluid, the constriction or contraction of thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and/or 61 pulls the second end 852 of thetopsheet 811 up and outward and in a longitudinal direction toward thecenter of the absorbent article 820. The line 893 that has been cut intoat least the topsheet 811 permits the first portion 858 of the topsheet811 or any other layers that are unbonded at the central longitudinalregion to raise up due to the lifting of the fluid-shrinkable members 60and 61. The shape of the moveable flap as defined by hinge 860 and theline 893 should be formed in such a manner so as to prevent any curlingof the moveable flap due to lifting of the fluid-shrinkable members 60and 61 when the moveable flap raises up and outward from the absorbentarticle 820. Varying the placement of the fluid shrinkable members 60and 61, such as placing them closer towards the center of the absorbentarticle 820, may also prevent curling of the flap. Generally, themoveable flap should be raised up and outward at an angle from the restof the absorbent article 820 but should itself remain generally planaror flat in the raised up position so as to not exhibit any curling,which can be uncomfortable to the wearer. The moveable flap or “tail”formed by the line 893 thus provides a barrier to the leakage of fluidsfrom the center toward the rear or first end 853 of the absorbentarticle 820 when it is an upright position due to the lifting of thefluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61.

Next, referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, another embodiment of an absorbentarticle 920 is shown both before (FIG. 14) and after (FIG. 15) beingcontacted with bodily fluids. Generally, FIGS. 14 and 15 reflect similarcomponents of FIGS. 12 and 13 except that the hinge 860 and the freeedge formed from the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811 at the secondend 852 that define the moveable flap are positioned in the oppositedirection. Thus, in contrast to FIGS. 12 and 13, in FIGS. 14 and 15, thefirst portion 858 can further be described as a moveable flap or tailformed by a line 893 that is cut into at least the topsheet 811 to forma free edge at the second end 852 of the topsheet 811 which, in FIGS. 14and 15, is located at or near the central region of the topsheet 811. InFIGS. 14 and 15, the hinge 860 is not centrally located on the absorbentarticle 920 as is the hinge 860 in FIGS. 12 and 13. Instead, the hinge860 is located at the proximal end of the topsheet 811, near the secondportion 859 of the topsheet 811. Meanwhile, the second end 852 of thetopsheet 811 defines a second boundary of the first portion 858 of thetopsheet 811 and forms a free edge that is centrally located on thetopsheet 811.

The absorbent article 920 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 may also containvarious embossments, similar to those described above in the discussionof FIGS. 12 and 13. For example, a first embossed region 822 may beformed at the free edge of the first portion 858 of the topsheet 811adjacent to the line 893 at second end 852. The fluid-shrinkable members60 and 61 from first end 853 can extend up to the edge of the firstportion 858 of the topsheet 811 to the line 893 and be bonded thereto atthe first embossed region 822. A second embossed region 823 may also beformed adjacent to line 893 towards the central region of the absorbentarticle 820. Fluid-shrinkable members 60 and 61 can also extend from andbe bonded to the second embossed region 823 of the topsheet 811 to otherembossed regions 826 located on the absorbent article 820. Referring toFIG. 15, the absorbent article 920 of FIG. 14 is shown after it has beencontacted with bodily fluids much in the same manner as FIG. 14,although as described above, the moveable flap faces in the oppositedirection.

Referring now to FIGS. 16 and 17, yet another embodiment of an absorbentarticle 1020 is shown both before (FIG. 16) and after (FIG. 17) beingcontacted with bodily fluids. FIGS. 16 and 17 show the use of multiplemoveable flaps (e.g., two) that function much in the same manner as theflaps described above in FIGS. 12-15. However, the positioning of thefluid-shrinkable members can be altered as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 sothat at least one of the outer fluid-shrinkable members 61 extendsaround the more centrally located first flap formed by first portion1058 and bounded by hinge 860 and second end 852. The describedfluid-shrinkable member 61 can be used to lift a second flap formed bysecond portion 859 and bounded by hinge 861 and third end 856.Additionally, the second flap has a first embossed region 824 and asecond embossed region 825 that are similar to the embossed regionsdescribed above in FIGS. 12-15 but are located farther away from thecentral region of the absorbent article 820. The shape of the secondflap can be longer and narrower than the shape of the first flap, whichcan be shorter and wider, although any suitable configuration can beused.

Next, FIGS. 18 and 19 show cross section views of the absorbent article820 of FIGS. 12 (before use) and 13 (after use), respectively. As shown,a line 893 is cut into at least the topsheet 811, although the line 893can extended into other layers of the absorbent article, such as intoone or more surge layers. The line 893 is positioned between firstembossed region 822 and second embossed region 823. In the first portion858 of the topsheet, the area from hinge 860 to line 893 forms amoveable flap at the second end 852 of the topsheet 811. As previouslydescribed, other embossed regions, such as embossed region 826 nearfirst end 853 of the topsheet 811, can also be present on the absorbentarticle 820. Before the absorbent article 820 has been contacted withbodily fluids, the moveable flap formed in the area from the hinge 860to the line 893 is shown in a position where it remains flat or flushwith the remainder of the absorbent article 820. However, after use, asshown in FIG. 19, the moveable flap formed from the hinge 860 to theline 893 is shown in a lifted up position that is raised outwardly at anangle from the remainder of the absorbent article 820 due to contractionor constriction of the fluid-shrinkable members, 60 and 61.

If desired, additional structural members may also be employed tofurther enhance the three-dimensional topography of the absorbentarticle. Fluidic guides may also be employed in the present invention toassist in leakage prevention. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,614,295 toQuincy, III, et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety byreference thereto, describes a fibrous web that is specificallyconfigured to distribute liquid in the direction of the orientation ofthe fibers. The web is formed from a first zone of fibers treated with asurfactant and a second zone of fibers exposed to a corona field. U.S.Pat. No. 7,388,123 to Cowell, et al., which is incorporated byreference, describes another suitable fluidic guide that is in the formof bands of a barrier substance material (e.g., phase change material)deposited on the topsheet along at least a portion of the periphery ofthe article. Still another suitable fluid guide may include a permeablesheet (e.g., nonwoven web) adsorbed with an amphiphilic protein (e.g.,milk protein) to define a gradient distribution of an amphiphilicprotein coating along at least one dimension of the permeable sheet.This provides controlled wettability along at least one dimension of thepermeable, liquid flow control material. Such materials are described inmore detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,912,194 to Everhart, et at, which isincorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto for allpurposes. In yet another embodiment, the fluid guide may be a nonwovenweb having a high basis weight and/or high denier, such as described inU.S. Pat. No. 4,892,534 to Datta, et al., which is incorporated hereinin its entirety by reference thereto for all purposes. For example, thebasis weight may range from about 0.5 to 1.0 ounces per square yard, andin some embodiments, from about 0.7 to 1.0 ounces per square yard, andthe denier may range from about 3 to about 15, and in some embodiments,from about 4 to about 12. Such high basis weight and high denier webscontain large passageways that extend downward through the thickness ofthe web and have the ability to draw a greater quantity of bodily fluidaway from the visible surface, thereby actively masking visible stains.The fluid guides may be employed in the center and/or periphery of thearticle as desired.

A chemical treatment may also be employed to alter the color of thebodily fluid should any leakage occur. In one embodiment, for example,the treatment may be a decolorizing composition that agglutinates(agglomerates) red blood cells in blood and menses and limits the extentthat the red color of menses is visible. One such composition includes asurfactant, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,350,711 to Potts, etal. which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto.Particular examples of such surfactants are Pluronic® surfactants(tri-block copolymer surfactant). Another suitable composition that canhelp agglutinate (agglomerate) the cells includes one or more inorganicsalts that contain a polyvalent anion (e.g., divalent, trivalent, etc.),such as sulfate (SO₄ ²⁻), phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻), carbonate (CO₃ ²⁻), oxide(O²⁻), etc., and a monovalent cation, such as sodium (Na⁺), potassium(K⁺), lithium (Li⁺), ammonium (NH₄ ⁺), etc. Alkali metal cations areparticularly desirable. Specific examples of salts formed from such ionsinclude, for instance, disodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), dipotassium sulfate(K₂SO₄), disodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), dipotassium carbonate (K₂CO₃),monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), disodium phosphate (Na₂HPO₄),monopotassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄), dipotassium phosphate (K₂HPO₄), etc.Mixtures of the aforementioned salts may be particularly effective infacilitating physical separation of red blood cells. For instance, amixture of disodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) and monopotassium phosphate(KH₂PO₄) may be employed.

Besides agglutinating agents, the decolorizing composition may alsoalter the chemical structure of hemoglobin to change its color. Examplesof such compositions are described in U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2009/0062764 to MacDonald, et al., which is alsoincorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto. Moreparticularly, the composition includes an oxidizing agent that isgenerally capable of oxidizing hemoglobin or other substancesresponsible for an unwanted color of the bodily exudates. Suitableoxidizing agents may include, for instance, peroxygen bleaches (e.g.,hydrogen peroxide, percarbonates, persulphates, perborates, peroxyacids,alkyl hydroperoxides, peroxides, diacyl peroxides, ozonides,supereoxides, oxo-ozonides, and periodates); hydroperoxides (e.g.,tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumyl hydroperoxide,2,4,4-trimethylpentyl-2-hydroperoxide,di-isopropylbenzene-monohydroperoxide, tert-amyl hydroperoxide and2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide); peroxides (e.g., lithiumperoxide, sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide, ammonium peroxide,calcium peroxide, rubidium peroxide, cesium peroxide, strontiumperoxide, barium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, mercury peroxide, silverperoxide, zirconium peroxide, hafnium peroxide, titanium peroxide,phosphorus peroxide, sulphur peroxide, rhenium peroxide, iron peroxide,cobalt peroxide, and nickel peroxide); perborates (e.g., sodiumperborate, potassium perborate, and ammonium perborate); persulphates(e.g., sodium persulphate, potassiumdipersulphate, and potassiumpersulphate); and so forth. Other suitable oxidizing agents are omega-3and -6 fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, arachidonicacid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosadienoinc acid,eicosatrienoic acid; etc.

The decolorizing composition may be applied to any liquid-permeablelayer of the absorbent article where it can contact aqueous fluidsexuded by the body (e.g., menses), such as the topsheet, fluiddistribution layer, cover, absorbent core, intake layer, and so forth.In one embodiment, the decolorizing composition may cover only a portionof the surface to ensure that the layer is still capable of retainingsufficient absorbent properties. In certain embodiments, it may bedesired that the decolorizing composition is positioned closer to theabsorbent core to minimize potential leakage. In addition to beingapplied to the absorbent core, other configurations may also be employedin the present invention. For example, an additional layer (not shown)may be applied with the decolorizing composition that is in contact withthe absorbent core. The additional layer may be formed from a variety ofdifferent porous materials, such as a perforated film, nonwoven web(e.g., cellulosic web, spunbond web, meltblown web, etc.), foams, etc.In one embodiment, the additional layer may be in the form of a hollowenclosure (e.g., sachet, bag, etc.) that is folded so that it partiallyor completely surrounds the absorbent core. The decolorizing compositionmay be disposed within this enclosure so that it remains sealed thereinprior to use. In another embodiment, however, the additional layer maybe the intake layer. Typically, the decolorizing composition is disposedon a surface facing away from the absorbent core; however, it shouldalso be understood that the decolorizing composition may be positionedon any other surface, such as between the additional layer and theabsorbent core.

If desired, the absorbent article of the present invention may also beemployed in conjunction with a disposable or reusable garment that isspecifically tailored to fit with the absorbent article of the presentinvention. One example of such an undergarment/absorbent article systemis described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,547,774 to Ono, et al., which isincorporated herein in its entirety by reference thereto for allpurposes.

As a result of the combination of features employed in the presentinvention, an absorbent article may thus be formed that exhibits areduced likelihood of leakage during use. This may be evident throughoutthe entire use of article, including upon an initial insult of a fluidand subsequently when the article has already absorbed a certain amountof fluid. More particularly, in certain embodiments, embossments and/orapertures may be employed that help facilitate the rapid intake offluids that can occur during an initial insult. Nevertheless, even asthe article fills with fluid and a portion of the absorptive capacity isdepleted, the raised topsheet area(s) created by the fluid-shrinkablemembers of the present invention can still form a barrier to the leakageof fluids from the center of the article towards its edges, therebyfurther minimizing the likelihood of leakage. While the invention hasbeen described in detail with respect to the specific embodimentsthereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, uponattaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily conceive ofalterations to, variations of, and equivalents to these embodiments.Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be assessed asthat of the appended claims and any equivalents thereto.

What is claimed is:
 1. An absorbent article that generally extends in aplane defined by a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction,wherein the article comprises: a base pad that contains a baffle and anabsorbent core; a topsheet that overlies the base pad so that theabsorbent core is positioned between the topsheet and the baffle,wherein the topsheet extends in the longitudinal direction to define adistal end and an opposing proximal end, wherein the topsheet is joinedto the base pad in a manner such that at least a portion of the proximalend remains generally unbonded thereto; and a fluid-shrinkable memberthat extends in the longitudinal direction so that at least a portion ofthe fluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the proximal end ofthe topsheet.
 2. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein thefluid-shrinkable member is in the form of a string.
 3. The absorbentarticle of claim 1, wherein a central portion of the proximal end isgenerally unbonded to the base pad.
 4. The absorbent article of claim 3,wherein peripheral portions of the proximal end taper outwardly from thecentral portion, and wherein the peripheral portions are joined to thebase pad.
 5. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the topsheetdefines an inner region positioned between laterally spaced first andsecond outer regions, and wherein the fluid-shrinkable member is locatedadjacent to the inner region, the first outer region, the second outerregion, or a combination thereof.
 6. The absorbent article of claim 5,wherein the first outer region is folded so that a first portion of thetopsheet is disposed above a second portion of the topsheet to define apocket, and wherein the fluid-shrinkable member is disposed within thepocket.
 7. The absorbent article of claim 5, wherein the articlecomprises a plurality of fluid-shrinkable members, at least a portion ofthe members being located adjacent to the inner region, the first outerregion, the second outer region, or a combination thereof.
 8. Theabsorbent article of claim 1, wherein the topsheet is formed from acenter section positioned between a first side section and a second sidesection, and wherein the first side section is folded so that a firstportion of the side section is disposed above a second portion of theside section to define a pocket, and wherein the fluid-shrinkable memberis disposed within the pocket.
 9. The absorbent article of claim 8,wherein the first portion of the side section is wrapped around thecenter section.
 10. The absorbent article of claim 1, further comprisinga fluid distribution layer positioned between the topsheet and the basepad.
 11. The absorbent article of claim 10, wherein the fluid-shrinkablemember is positioned between and bonded to the topsheet and the fluiddistribution layer.
 12. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein thebase pad comprises a liquid-permeable cover that is positioned betweenthe topsheet and the absorbent core.
 13. The absorbent article of claim1, wherein the length of the topsheet is less than the length of thebaffle.
 14. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the length of thetopsheet is approximately the same as the length of the baffle.
 15. Theabsorbent article of claim 14, wherein a cut is made in the topsheet toform a separate portion that defines the proximal end.
 16. The absorbentarticle of claim 1, wherein contraction of the fluid-shrinkable memberis capable of raising the proximal end of the topsheet outwardly fromthe plane defined by the longitudinal direction and transverse directionof the article.
 17. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein at least aportion of the fluid-shrinkable member is also located adjacent to thedistal end of the topsheet.
 18. The absorbent article of claim 1,further comprising an additional fluid-shrinkable member that extends inthe longitudinal direction so that at least a portion of the additionalfluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the distal end of thetopsheet.
 19. The absorbent article of claim 1, wherein the proximal enddefines a free end of a moveable flap.
 20. The absorbent article ofclaim 19, wherein the moveable flap is formed from at least a portion ofthe topsheet.
 21. The absorbent article of claim 20, wherein themoveable flap is also formed from at least a portion of an additionallayer.
 22. The absorbent article of claim 20, wherein a second moveableflap is formed from at least a portion of the topsheet.
 23. Theabsorbent article of claim 19, wherein a first embossing pattern isdisposed adjacent to a free edge of the moveable flap.
 24. The absorbentarticle of claim 23, wherein a second embossing pattern is disposedadjacent to the moveable flap and generally concentric with the firstembossing pattern.
 25. The absorbent article of claim 19, whereincontraction of the fluid-shrinkable member is capable of raising themoveable flap outwardly from the plane defined by the longitudinaldirection and transverse direction of the article, wherein the raisedflap remains generally planar.
 26. The absorbent article of claim 19,wherein a printed pattern is disposed on the topsheet, a fluiddistribution layer, or both.
 27. A method for forming an absorbentarticle that generally extends in a plane defined by a longitudinaldirection and transverse direction, wherein the article comprises a basepad that contains a baffle and an absorbent core, a fluid-shrinkablemember, and a topsheet that extends in the longitudinal direction todefine a distal end and a proximal end, the method comprising:positioning the fluid-shrinkable member adjacent to the base pad,wherein the fluid-shrinkable member extends in the longitudinaldirection; and joining the topsheet to the base pad so that thefluid-shrinkable member is positioned between the topsheet and the basepad, and so that at least a portion of the proximal end of the topsheetremains generally unbonded to the base pad, wherein at least a portionof the fluid-shrinkable member is located adjacent to the proximal endof the topsheet.
 28. An absorbent article that generally extends in aplane defined by a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction,wherein the article comprises: a base pad that contains a baffle and anabsorbent core; a topsheet that overlies the base pad so that theabsorbent core is positioned between the topsheet and the baffle,wherein the topsheet defines an inner region positioned betweenlaterally spaced first and second outer regions, and further wherein thetopsheet extends in the longitudinal direction to define a distal endand an opposing proximal end, wherein the topsheet is joined to the basepad in a manner such that at least a portion of the proximal end remainsgenerally unbonded thereto; an inner fluid-shrinkable member that islocated adjacent to the inner region of the topsheet and extends in thelongitudinal direction so that at least a portion of the inner member isadjacent to the proximal end of the topsheet; and an outerfluid-shrinkable member that is located adjacent to the first outerregion of the topsheet and extends in the longitudinal direction so thatat least a portion of the outer member is adjacent to the proximal endof the topsheet.